Saudi Arabia revives historic Darb Zubaydah route as cultural heritage landmark

RAFHA, Saudi Arabia (MNTV) — The historic Darb Zubaydah, a 1,400-kilometer pilgrimage and trade route linking Kufa in Iraq to the holy city of Makkah, is being revitalized as part of Saudi Arabia’s efforts to preserve and celebrate its cultural heritage under Vision 2030.

Traversing the Northern Border Region and entering the Kingdom near Rafha Governorate, the route served as a vital artery for pilgrims and merchants for centuries. 

Named after Zubaydah bint Jaafar, wife of Abbasid Caliph Harun Al-Rashid, who funded its development, Darb Zubaydah reflects the advanced infrastructure and civil planning of early Islamic civilization.

At its height during the Abbasid era, the road featured an intricate network of rest stations, water reservoirs, and supply hubs, constructed to support travelers across the harsh desert landscape. 

Massive stone basins collected and stored rainwater, while paved pathways in sandy areas ensured stability for caravans. 

Distinctive stone markers, known as almanar, guided pilgrims, especially at crossroads and near water sources, with flags placed every 12 Islamic miles.

Major waypoints such as Al-Qaa, Zubala, Al-Shihayat, Fayd, Al-Ajfar, and Al-Qa’iya functioned as service centers, offering shelter, provisions, and medical care.

Now, through restoration projects led by national heritage institutions, Darb Zubaydah is being transformed into a living museum. 

The initiative aims to conserve its historic features while positioning the route as a key site for heritage tourism, showcasing the ingenuity and spiritual significance of Islamic history.